ABSTRACT
In the present study, we sought to examine the association between dietary patterns (DPs) and visceral adiposity, lipid accumulation product (LAP), and triglyceride-glucose index. This cross-sectional study was conducted on adults aged between 18–45 years old who lived in Tehran, Iran, between February 2017 and December 2018 (n = 270). DPs were derived using principal component analysis. We used analysis of variance to examine differences in continues variables across tertiles of major DPs. Subsequently, for the modeling of these relationships, and also considering the possible effect of the confounding factors, multivariate regression was used. Three DPs were identified: healthy pattern, mixed pattern, and western pattern, respectively. Compared with individuals in the lowest category of mixed pattern, those in the highest category had lower fasting blood sugar (96.26 ± 11.57 vs. 101 ± 28.66, p = 0.01). A significant association was found between healthy pattern, after adjustment for potential confounders, and odds of LAP; such that individuals in the top category of healthy pattern score were 71% less likely to have a high LAP compared with those in the lowest category (odds ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.10–0.81). We found that adherence to a healthy DP was associated with decreased LAP. To confirm the veracity of these findings, more studies should be conducted.
ABSTRACT
We aimed to examine the association between nutrient patterns and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Iranian adults. In a cross-sectional study of 850 self-certified healthy women and men aged 20–59 years old, dietary data were assessed using three 24-hour recall. Anthropometric measures were done and blood samples were collected to measure serum fasting serum glucose and lipid profile. The MetS was defined using the International Diabetes Federation. Major nutrient patterns were identified using principle competent analysis. In the first nutrient pattern, the individuals in the fifth quintile had a higher intake of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, zinc, iron, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and protein. In the second nutrient pattern, individuals in the first quintile had lower consumption of zinc, SFAs, vitamin E, α-tocopherol, oleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, β-carotene, linolenic acid, and monounsaturated fatty acids, compared to the fifth quintile. Furthermore, in the third nutrient pattern, the individuals in the fifth quintile had a higher intake of potassium, magnesium, phosphorous, calcium, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin C, and folate compared to other quintiles. We identified the second pattern had an indirect association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood sugar (p < 0.001 for all), and total cholesterol (p = 0.04) when it was controlled for body weight. Our findings showed that nutrient patterns may have an association with MetS components with mediating body weight.
ABSTRACT
We aimed to examine the association between nutrient patterns and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Iranian adults. In a cross-sectional study of 850 self-certified healthy women and men aged 20–59 years old, dietary data were assessed using three 24-hour recall. Anthropometric measures were done and blood samples were collected to measure serum fasting serum glucose and lipid profile. The MetS was defined using the International Diabetes Federation. Major nutrient patterns were identified using principle competent analysis. In the first nutrient pattern, the individuals in the fifth quintile had a higher intake of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, zinc, iron, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and protein. In the second nutrient pattern, individuals in the first quintile had lower consumption of zinc, SFAs, vitamin E, α-tocopherol, oleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, β-carotene, linolenic acid, and monounsaturated fatty acids, compared to the fifth quintile. Furthermore, in the third nutrient pattern, the individuals in the fifth quintile had a higher intake of potassium, magnesium, phosphorous, calcium, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin C, and folate compared to other quintiles. We identified the second pattern had an indirect association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood sugar (p < 0.001 for all), and total cholesterol (p = 0.04) when it was controlled for body weight. Our findings showed that nutrient patterns may have an association with MetS components with mediating body weight.
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes Education by Peer Coaching is a strategy which helps the patients with diabetes in the field of behavioral and emotional problems. However, the results of studies in this field in other countries could not be generalized in our context. So, the current study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Diabetes Education by Peer Coaching on Diabetes Management
Methods: Outcome variables for patients and peer coaches are measured at baseline and in3,6 and 12 months. The primary outcome consisted of Fasting Blood Sugar [FBS] and HbA1c. Secondary outcomes included Blood Pressure [BP], Body Mass Index [BMI,] Waist-Hip Ratio [WHR], Lipid Profile, diabetes self-care activities, diabetes-related quality of life, depression, and Social Capital levels. Initial analyses compared the frequency of baseline levels of outcome and other variables using a simple Chi-square test, t-test and the Mann-Whitney- U test. Sequential measurements in each group were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance. If significant differences in baseline characteristics were found, analyses were repeated adjusting for these differences using ANOVA and logistic regression for multivariate analyses. Additional analyses were conducted to look for the evidence of effect modification by prespecified subgroups.
Conclusion: The fact is that self-control and self-efficacy in diabetes management and treatment of diabetes could be important components. It seems that this research in this special setting with cultural differences would provide more evidence about peer-coaching model. It seems that if the peer-coaching model improves learning situations between patients with diabetes by offering one-on-one Diabetes Self Management Education, it could be an interactive approach to diabetic education
ABSTRACT
It is well known that the development of brain oxidative stress is one of the most serious complications of arterial hypertension that evokes brain tissue damage. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of atorvastatin treatment [20 mg/kg/day], as an antioxidant, to prevent the brain tissue oxidative stress in the hypertensive [HTN] rats. Experiments were performed in four groups of rats [n = 5 each group]: sham, sham-treated, HTN and HTN treated. Rats were made HTN by aortic constriction above the renal arteries. After 30 days, rats were slaughtered under deep anesthesia to remove brain hemispheres. After tissue homogenization, enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase [CAT], as well as glutathione [GSH] content and malondialdehyde [MDA] level were determined by biochemical methods. In HTN rats, arterial blood pressure was increased about 40% and brain enzyme activities of SOD and CAT were significantly decreased compared with sham group. Induction of hypertension significantly decreased GSH content and increased MDA level of brain tissue. Treatment with atorvastatin enhanced the activity of SOD and prevented from GSH decrement during hypertension. Based on the findings of this study, treatment with atorvastatin might have saved the brain tissue of HTN rats from hypertension-induced oxidative stress
Subject(s)
Male , Animals, Laboratory , Pyrroles , Hypertension , Oxidative Stress , Rats, Wistar , Brain , Aortic CoarctationABSTRACT
To estimate blood pressure, the current prevalence and distribution of hypertension and to determine hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in adult population in Yazd, Iran. This was a cross-sectional study of a random sample of adult aged 18 years and over in Yazd. All participants were interviewd and examined with a standard protocol in their homes. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP>140 mmHg or diastolic BP> 90 mmHg, and sub classified according to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure [JNC-7]. In all 1130 individuals were studied [456 men and 674 women]. The mean of systolic BP was 132.2 +/- 18.2 and 129.2+21.9 mmHg in men and women, respectively [P<0.05]. It was 85.0111.2 and 83.1+12.3 mmHg for diastolic BP [P<0.01]. The mean of systolic and diastolic BP were significantly differed in different age groups [P<0.001]. The overall prevalence of hypertension in this study was 38.1%. Of these, 60.9% had stage I hypertension and 39.1% stage II. Hypertension prevalence was significantly higher in men [41.7%] than in women [%35.7] [P<0.05], and varied by age [P<0.001]. Overall, 38.1% of hypertensive individuals were aware that they had high blood pressure, and 77.1% were being treated with antihypertensive medications, and 12.4% were under control. The mean of blood presser in two sexes and in age groups were relatively similar with the other studies. Hypertension was relatively high in Yazd. Despite the high rate of treatment, the rates of awareness and control were low. Discrepancies between treatment and control of hypertension might be related to inefficienct treatment or incompliance by patients
ABSTRACT
Polycystic ovary syndrome[PCOS] is the most endocrinopathy in women and the most common causes of anovulatory infertility. Women with this disorder moreover the common manifestations such as, irregular menses, hirsutism and infertility, are susceptible to serious consequences like increase risk of endometrial carcinoma, dyslipidemia, hypertention, glocose intolerance, diabetes, cardiovascular problems and probably breast cancer. This study was conducted to demostrate the demographic, clinical, metabolic and hormonal conditions of the PCOS patients. A case-control study was performed on females with PCOS age group 15-40 years referring to endocrine and gynecology clinics. A control healthy woman was selected for each patient. The diagnosis of PCOS was made based upon the prescence of chronic anovolation and hyperandrogenemia .Other causes of hyperandrogenism were excluded by appropriate clinical and laboratory evalution .In all patients with PCOS and control women, appropriate medical history was taken and physical examination was done.Blood pressure, body weight, height, BMI, waist/hip ratio, score of hirsotism, acne, and other signs of androgen excess were determined.A venous blood sample were obtained at morning after 12'14hours fasting for measuring FBS, TG, Chol., LDL, HDL and hormonal profile, souch as:PROL, 17'OH Progestrone, Te, DHEA-S and TSH.Case of late onset adrenal hyperplasia, hypotyroidism and pituitary prolactinoma were excluded.The diagnosis of dyslipidemia was made upon the base of NCEP guidelines.Data was analyzed with Mann'Whitney U, T tests and Fisher's and Chi'Square Tests with SPSS-11. Mean age were similar in both patients and controls.Mean of BMI and diastolic pressure were significantly higher in PCOS women in comparison with controls. Hirsutism and oligomenorrhea were the most frequent clinical features[72.7% and 69.1% respectively]. SerumTG level was significantly higher in PCOS women in comparison with controls.There were no significant difference in FBS, Chol, LDL and HDL between patients and controls. The prevalence of high triglyceride, high cholesterol and high LDL levels were significantly higher in PCOS women in comparison with controls, but there were no significant difference in the prevalence of IFG and low HDL levels. The prevalence of high TG and high Chol level were significantly higher in obese PCOS women in comparison with non obese patients.There was no significant difference in the prevalence of high LDL and low HDL levels between obese and nonobese patients. Serum level of total Testostrone was significantly higher in PCOS women in comparison with controls.There were no significant difference in serum levels of DHEA-S, 17-OH Progestrone, Prolactine and TSH between patients and controls. The prevalence of obesity and dyslipidemia were higher in PCOS women in comparison with healthy women. For obese women with PCOS, behevioral weight management is the main component of overall treatment strategy and these patients counseling about the importance of life style management, diet and exercise shoud be emphasized. The patients should screened for dyslipidemia, diabetes and hypertension. In this study there was no significant difference in FBS between two groups and IGT and DM may be better detected by OGTT. In all PCOS women for detecting dyslipidemia a fasting lipid profile is indicated